A chord is a combination of at least three sounds (they can be more or less, but they are three) played by the same musical instrument.
Major chords include these three sounds. To make the others, you just need to transport them from a scale to another:
C – E – G
The chord receives the name of its base note, or root. In this list, the first one, from do major to ti major:
C – E – G
D – F# – A
E – G# – B
F – A – C
G – B – D
A – C# – E
B – D# – F#
Minor chords include these three sounds. To make the others, you just need to transport them from a scale to another:
A – C – E
Again, the chord receives the name of its root. In this list, the first one, from la minor to sol minor:
A – C – E
B – D – F#
C – Eb – G
D – F – A
E – G – B
F – Ab – C
G – Bb – D
Continue with... Augmented and diminished chords
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