Although music is an art that has accompanied man for centuries, during the Middle Ages, when it started to be studied, a need appeared and it was a unification of the names that would be used both in its theory and practice. The names the musical notes was, of course, one of the first things to be defined. So they came from a poem which was very common in that time.
Later, it was defined that the distance between a note and the other would be called a tone. Today, that we know for certain that the musical notes are twelve, perhaps it would be safer to say that the distance between a note and the other needs to be called a half-tone, and that the distance between two half-tones is a tone. Knowing this is very important to understand everything else.
In music, the distance between a note without accidents (not sharp or flat) and the next one is a tone except for the two that end in 'i', mi and ti. Thus, the distance between fa and sol is a tone, the distance between re and mi is a tone; but the distance between both mi and fa, and ti and do would still be a half-tone. Just to make it clearer, the distance between sharp do and sharp re is a tone. To make it absolutely clear, if you have ever seen a guitar, each division where you press the fingers will is a half-tone division.
This will take us to talking about musical scales...
Heptagrama, the web summed up.
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